Abstract Summary
Objective
To evaluate whether regular vinegar consumption can safely and effectively lower blood pressure in humans and explore its potential mechanisms of action.
Methods Used
Approach
A narrative review was conducted using recent literature from PubMed, ScienceDirect, and major clinical resources including Mayo Clinic and the National Institutes of Health. Both human and animal studies were reviewed for measurable blood pressure changes and biological plausibility.
Data Collection
Findings were extracted from randomized trials and meta-analyses assessing systolic and diastolic changes after vinegar or acetic acid intake, noting dosage, duration, and reported side effects.
Researchers’ Summary of Findings
Impact on Health
Animal studies show consistent reductions in blood pressure linked to suppression of the renin–angiotensin system. Human studies demonstrate minor effects—typically around 2–5 mmHg reductions with daily vinegar use over several weeks. A 2022 meta-analysis confirmed a small but statistically significant benefit, though with low-quality evidence. Overall, vinegar may modestly support cardiovascular health but cannot replace standard antihypertensive therapy.
Health Implications
Moderate, diluted vinegar consumption may offer a safe, accessible adjunct to lifestyle-based blood pressure management, especially alongside sodium restriction and exercise. Excess use can irritate the digestive tract or erode tooth enamel.
Sustainability
Vinegar is inexpensive, widely available, and sustainable as part of a balanced diet, but long-term effectiveness remains uncertain pending larger clinical trials.
DOI
10.1016/j.cardiovascres.2025.00841
