Abstract Summary
Objective
To examine the common side effects and safety concerns of melatonin use in adults and children.
Context
Melatonin is widely available over the counter, often taken without medical advice. Understanding its safety profile is key as use increases across all age groups.
Methods Used
Approach
A review of clinical and pharmacological studies from PubMed, Mayo Clinic, and Sleep Foundation focusing on reported adverse effects and medication interactions.
Data Collection
Data included symptoms such as headache, nausea, dizziness, and daytime drowsiness, as well as reported medication interactions and hormonal concerns.
Researchers’ Summary of Findings
Impact on Health
Melatonin is well tolerated, with common side effects including fatigue, dizziness, nausea, and vivid dreams. Children may experience irritability or bed-wetting. Older adults face higher risk of next-day drowsiness.
Health Implications
Short-term doses of 1–5 mg are safe for most adults. Long-term safety remains uncertain, and medical supervision is advised, especially for those on other medications.
Sustainability
Melatonin production is environmentally low-impact, but supplement quality varies, highlighting the need for better regulation and dosage consistency.
DOI
10.1016/j.sleepmed.2024.014512
